Introduction To Programming Algorithms With Flowcharts
& Pseucode
What are Algorithms and Programming Algorithms
- Single-wise, algorithms are closely related to mathematics and computer science. Algorithms are generally understood as instructions that are systematically designed to solve problems. Meanwhile, Programming Algorithms are the basis / foundation of a program on a computer in the form of systematic steps in solving problems.
- A programming algorithm is a series of steps or instructions that are set to solve a particular problem or task. This algorithm is designed logically and systematically, with the aim of being easy to follow and implement by a computer or other data processing system.
- In other words, a programming algorithm is the basis of logic in creating a program on a computer so that it can run according to instructions.
- Programming algorithms are used in various fields, including computing, mathematics, and data science, to solve problems that vary from simple to complex.
Function of Programming Algorithms
- Algorithms aim to solve various kinds of obstacles, from simple to complex. By using algorithms, we can solve problems in a more structured and systematic way, making it easier for us to find solutions.
- The main function of a programming algorithm is to help programmers design and write effective, efficient, and easy-to-understand code. But more than that, there are several other functions of a programming algorithm:
- Solving complex problems in programs and minimizing errors in high-level mathematical calculations
- Able to simplify large programs into simple programs, so that their use is more effective and efficient.
- Can be used repeatedly, we don’t need to report writing the same program again, making it easier for us to create programs.
- Makes it easier to find errors in the program if an error occurs, and can be fixed in a short time, because the flow is coherent and clear (definiteness).
- Makes the modification process easier without having to change the entire module, just change the related module.
- Makes the development process easier because the script has been created sequentially and systematically.
- There are 2 approaches in programming algorithms, namely top down and divide & conquer, to facilitate the program creation process.
Examples and How Programming Algorithms Work
- Various obstacles can be solved by compiling algorithms, one example of a problem that often uses algorithms is a mathematical problem such as:
- Find the value of X from the equation X = 10 + 5Y
The algorithm is:
- Start
- Determine the value of X
- Calculate the value of X = 10 + 5Y
- Print the values of x and y
- Done
An example of the use of algorithms in more practical mathematical calculations such as calculating report cards or student grades in one class’s grade data.For example, if there is data with the names and grades of students on a scale of 0-100, how many students are declared to have passed and failed if the minimum passing limit is 75. If the student’s grade is equal to or greater than 75, the student is declared to have passed, but if the student’s grade is below 75, the student is declared to have failed.
The algorithm is:
- Read the student’s name and grade
- If the grade >= 75 then
- Remarks = pass
- But if
- Remarks <75 = fail
- Write the name and description
- Done
But, did you know, algorithms do not only occur and are used in the two examples of mathematical calculations as above. Because algorithms basically aim to provide a logical sequence in solving problems, then in everyday life, we also apply algorithms without realizing it!
Some examples of the application of algorithms in everyday life are: the sequence of cooking instant noodles, the stages of tying shoelaces, preparing to go to work / school, and so on. Let’s take an example of an algorithm from the activity of cooking instant noodles below
How to cook instant noodles (fried)?
The algorithm is:
- Prepare 1 pack of instant noodles
- Prepare 400 ml of water
- Use a pan, bowl, spoon, and fork
- Put 400 ml of water into the pan
- Cook the water until it boils
- Put the noodles into the pan that already contains boiling water
- Wait and stir for 3 minutes until the noodles are cooked
- Drain / strain the instant noodle boiling water
- Put the seasoning into a plate and stir until evenly distributed
- Serve the noodles on top of the evenly distributed seasoning
- The noodles are ready to be served
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